আরডুইনো কি এবং আরডুইনো কিভাবে কাজ করে / what is arduino and how to work Arduino

   Introduction to Arduino

                

 What is Arduino  ? 

Arduino is a microcontroller based open source hardware platform. #Arduino is an open source computer hardware and software company whose microcontroller has ICT as a display object. Microcontrollers are identified as the heart of Arduino.

#why_Arduino

1.  Cross platform.
2.  Free tools and drivers.
3.  Easy to learn, C ++, Python programs can be created.
4.  If you want, you can make your own firmware and customize it.
5.  Repeatedly deleted and written.
6. The device can be reset without opening.
7.  The price is low.
8.  Easily replaceable if the chip is damaged.
9.  USB support can be used on laptops and notebooks.
10.  Board made, design no hassle.
11.  There is no need to learn assembly.

There are different types of Arduino on the marketPlace. Most popular that :

1. Arduino Mega
2. Arduino UNO
3. Arduino  Nano
4. Ardino pro etc.

 

Let's not know what sensors and transducers are and their types

Now we are explain different types of   #Arduino.

 Mega Arduino: 

The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has 54 digital input / output pins (of which 14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC to DC adapter or battery to get started. The Mega is compatible with most shields designed for the Arduino Duemilanove or Diecimila. The Arduino Mega can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply. The power source is selected automatically. External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the

board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted into the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector.

Memory :                                                                                                                  

The ATmega2560 has 256 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 8 KB is used for

the bootloader), 8 KB of SRAM and 4 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written with the

EEPROM library).                                                                                                                                       Proximity sensors   ??       

    

Arduino Uno  : 

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. The Arduino Uno R3 is a microcontroller board with a removable dual-inline package (DIP) ATmega328 AVR microcontroller. It has 20 digital input/output pins (of which 6 are PWM outputs and 6 are analog inputs). The Arduino computer program makes it easy to run programs on it. Arduino is a very easy way to start working with embedded electronics since it has an extensive support community. There are three revisions of the Arduino Uno.

Summary

• An Arduino Uno runs on the ATmega328 microcontroller. The board has 20 digital inputs/outputs (6 PWM outputs and 6 analog inputs), a 16 MHz resonator, a USB interface, a power jack, an in-circuit system programming (ICSP) header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed for the microcontroller; simply plug in a USB cable or a battery to connect it to a computer.
• In contrast to all previous boards, the Uno does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. This device is a USB-to-serial converter equipped with an ATmega16U2. There is a USB bootloader on this auxiliary microcontroller that enables advanced users to reprogramme it. 
• Arduino comes with a large support community and a large collection of libraries and hardware add-ons (e.g. you can easily make your Arduino wireless with the Wixel shield), making it a great platform for introducing people to embedded electronics. You can also purchase the SparkFun Inventor's Kit, which includes an Arduino Uno and an assortment of components (e.g. breadboard, sensors, jumper wires, and LEDs) that enable you to create a variety of fun introductory projects.
•  This is the third revision of the Uno (R3), which includes a number of changes:
•  The USB controller chip has changed from ATmega8U2 (8K flash) to ATmega16U2 (16K flash). This does not increase the amount of RAM or flash available to sketches.
• A new pin, two duplicates from previous pins, has been added. Near AREF, the I2C pins (A4, A5) have also been moved to the side of the board. Next to the reset pin is an IOREF pin, which is a duplicate of the 5V pin.
• With the reset button located next to the USB connector, it's easier to reach when using a shield.

 Arduino Nano :  

Arduino Nano is a microcontroller board that is small, compatible, versatile and breadboard friendly. The Arduino Nano board is based on ATmega328p ( Arduino Nano V3.x )  / Atmega168 ( Arduino Nano V3.x).

The Arduino Nano is just a smaller version of the Arduino UNO, so they have almost the same functionality.

The device operates at a voltage of 5V, but the input voltage can range from 7 to 12V.

In addition to the digital and analog pins, there are 2 reset pins and 6 power pins on an Arduino Nano.

There are multiple functions assigned to each of these Digital & Analog Pins; however, their primary use is to serve as inputs and outputs.

If they are interfaced with sensors, they act as input pins, but if they are driving some load, they are output pins. Functions like pinMode() and digitalWrite() handle digital operations, whereas analogRead() is used to manage analog operations.

  

arduino nano

Among the analog pins, there are 10 bits of resolution that can measure voltages ranging from 0 to 5V.

Featuring a crystal oscillator with a frequency of 16 MHz, the Arduino Nano has a crystal oscillator. Using constant voltage, it is used to produce a precise clock.

With Arduino Nano, there is one limitation - there is no DC power jack. This means you cannot send extra power to the board through a battery. Mini USB is used to connect the board to the computer, rather than standard USB.

Compact size and breadboard friendly nature make this device ideal for most of the applications when a compact electronic component is necessary. Flash memory is 16KB or 32KB depending on the Atmega board, for instance Atmega168 has 16KB and Atmega328 has 32KB. Code is stored in flash memory. A bootloader is created in flash memory with 2KB of memory.                                                                                                                                                  

                                                                                                            

Arduino pro   :

Arduino Pro is designed for advanced users who are looking for flexibility and low cost. To keep costs down, it has minimal components (no on-board USB or pin headers). The board works well if you want to embed it in a project. There are multiple variants of the board that operate at different voltages and clock speeds. It is important to know whether you have the 3.3V / 8 MHz or 5V / 16 MHz version.

The board does not come with a built-in USB circuit, so an off-board USB-to-TTL serial converter is required for uploading sketches. This can be either a FTDI TTL-232R-3V3 USB - TTL Level Serial Converter Cable or a SparkFunFTDI Basic Breakout Board (3.3V). Use the SparkFunFTDI Basic Breakout Board (5V) or TTL-232R USB - TTL Level Serial Converter with the 5V Arduino Pro boards. (You can probably also get away with using a 5V USB-to-serial converter alongside a 3.3V board and vice-versa, but it is not recommended.)

                                              

                                                                                          

 Arduino Pro does not come with connectors populated so that you can solder in any connector or wire with any orientation you need. We recommend first time Arduino users start with the Uno R3. It's a great board that will get you up and running quickly. The Arduino Pro series is meant for users that understand the limitations of this lack of connectors and USB off board.

 #What is the sensor and transducer?? Explain...

#Proximity sensors   ??

           

    

Arduino Programming :

The programming of an Arduino  can be done using IDE software. The microcontroller on the board will come with pre-burned by a boot loader that permits to upload fresh code without using an exterior hardware programmer.

The communication of this can be done using a protocol like STK500.

We can also upload the program in the microcontroller by avoiding the boot loader using the header like the In-Circuit Serial Programming.

Free softwer arduino ide. 

Arduino scemethic Diagram   :                                                                                                                                                          

                               

 Power Supply

The power supply of the Arduino can be done with the help of an exterior power supply otherwise USB connection. The exterior power supply (6 to 20 volts) mainly includes a battery or an AC to DC adapter. The connection of an adapter can be done by plugging a center-positive plug (2.1mm) into the power jack on the board. The battery terminals can be placed in the pins of Vin as well as GND. The power pins of an Arduino board include the following.

Vin: The input voltage or Vin to the Arduino while it is using an exterior power supply opposite to volts from the connection of USB or else RPS (regulated power supply). By using this pin, one can supply the voltage.

5Volts: The RPS can be used to give the power supply to the microcontroller as well as components which are used on the Arduino board. This can approach from the input voltage through a regulator.

3V3: A 3.3 supply voltage can be generated with the onboard regulator, and the highest draw current will be 50 mA.

GND: GND (ground) pins

Memory

The memory of an ATmega328 microcontroller includes 32 KB and 0.5 KB memory is utilized for the Boot loader), and also it includes SRAM-2 KB as well as EEPROM-1KB.

EEE Admission Question & Answer

Input and Output

We know that an arguing Uno R3 includes 14-digital pins which can be used as an input otherwise output by using the functions like pin Mode (), digital Read(), and digital Write(). These pins can operate with 5V, and every digital pin can give or receive 20mA, & includes a 20k to 50k ohm pull up resistor. The maximum current on any pin is 40mA which cannot surpass for avoiding the microcontroller from the damage. Additionally, some of the pins of an Arduino include specific functions.

Serial Pins

The serial pins of an Arduino board are TX (1) and RX (0) pins and these pins can be used to transfer the TTL serial data. The connection of these pins can be done with the equivalent pins of the ATmega8 U2 USB to TTL chip.

External Interrupt Pins

The external interrupt pins of the board are 2 & 3, and these pins can be arranged to activate an interrupt on a rising otherwise falling edge, a low-value otherwise a modify in value

PWM Pins

The PWM pins of an Arduino are 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, & 11, and gives an output of an 8-bit PWM with the function analog Write ().

SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) Pins

The SPI pins are 10, 11, 12, 13 namely SS, MOSI, MISO, SCK, and these will maintain the SPI communication with the help of the SPI library.

LED Pin

An arguing board is inbuilt with a LED using digital pin-13. Whenever the digital pin is high, the LED will glow otherwise it will not glow.

TWI (2-Wire Interface) Pins

The TWI pins are SDA or A4, & SCL or A5, which can support the communication of TWI with the help of Wire library.

AREF (Analog Reference) Pin

An analog reference pin is the reference voltage to the inputs of an analog i/ps using the function like analog Reference().

EEE Admission Question & Answer

Reset (RST) Pin

This pin brings a low line for resetting the microcontroller, and it is very useful for using an RST button toward shields which can block the one over the Arduino R3 board.

Communication

The communication protocols of an Arduino Uno include SPI, I2C, and UART serial communication.

UART

An Arduino Uno uses the two functions like the transmitter digital pin1 and the receiver digital pin0. These pins are mainly used in UART TTL serial communication.

I2C

An Arduino UNO board employs SDA pin otherwise A4 pin & A5 pin otherwise SCL pin is used for I2C communication with wire library. In this, both the SCL and SDA are CLK signal and data signal.

SPI Pins

The SPI communication includes MOSI, MISO, and SCK.

MOSI (Pin11)

This is the master out slave in the pin, used to transmit the data to the devices

MISO (Pin12)

This pin is a serial CLK, and the CLK pulse will synchronize the transmission of which is produced by the master.

SCK (Pin13)

The CLK pulse synchronizes data transmission that is generated by the master. Equivalent pins with the SPI library is employed for the communication of SPI. ICSP (in-circuit serial programming) headers can be utilized for programming ATmega microcontroller directly with the boot loader.                                                                                              

The Arduino Uno R3 is described in more detail on Arduino's website.           

Let's not know

What is the sensor and transducer?? Explain...

Proximity sensors   ??

What is the PLC??EEE Admission Question & Answer

tags:

What is the arduino;

আরডুইনো কি ;

Arduino কি ;

different type of arduino;

Arduino introduction 

আরডুইনো কি এবং আরডুইনো কিভাবে কাজ করে ;

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